Product Description of Acrylonitrile CAS#107-13-1
Acrylonitrile is a colorless, flammable liquid. Its vapors may form explosive mixtures with air in the presence of an open flame. It does not exist naturally and is mass-produced by the chemical industry, with its market demand keeping rising in recent years.
As a widely produced unsaturated nitrile, acrylonitrile acts as a fundamental feedstock for a broad range of chemical products such as plastics, synthetic rubber and acrylic fibers. While it was once applied as a pesticide fumigant, all such pesticide uses have been phased out.
It is a valuable chemical intermediate for organic synthesis to manufacture pharmaceuticals, antioxidants, dyes and other chemicals. The main downstream consumers are producers of acrylic fibers, modacrylic fibers and high-impact ABS plastics.
Furthermore, acrylonitrile is used to produce styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) resin for automotive parts, consumer goods, packaging, office equipment, luggage and construction materials. Its derivative adiponitrile is further adopted for the production of nylon, dyes, pharmaceuticals and pesticides.
Acrylonitrile Chemical Properties
Melting point | -83 °C (lit.) |
Boiling point | 77 °C (lit.) |
density | 0.806 g/mL at 20 °C |
vapor density | 1.83 (vs air) |
vapor pressure | 86 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
refractive index | n20/D 1.391(lit.) |
Fp | 32 °F |
storage temp. | 2-8°C |
solubility | 73g/l |
form | Liquid |
color | Clear |
PH | 6.0-7.5 (50g/l, H2O, 20℃) |
Odor | Mild pyridine-like odor at 2 to 22 ppm |
Odor Threshold | 8.8ppm |
explosive limit | 2.8-28%(V) |
Water Solubility | Soluble. 7.45 g/100 mL |
Sensitive | Light Sensitive |
Merck | 14131 |
BRN | 605310 |
Henry's Law Constant | 1.30 at 30.00 °C (headspace-GC, Hovorka et al., 2002) |
Exposure limits | NIOSH REL: TWA 1 ppm, 15-min C 1 ppm, IDLH 85 ppm; OSHA PEL: TWA 2 ppm, 15-min C 10 ppm; ACGIH TLV: TWA 2 ppm. |
Dielectric constant | 33.01 |
LogP | 0.017 at 21℃ |
CAS DataBase Reference | 107-13-1(CAS DataBase Reference) |
IARC | 2B (Vol. 71) 1999 |
NIST Chemistry Reference | 2-Propenenitrile(107-13-1) |
EPA Substance Registry System | Acrylonitrile (107-13-1) |
Hazard Codes | F,T,N,Xn |
Risk Statements | 45-11-23/24/25-37/38-41-43-51/53-39/23/24/25-62-63 |
Safety Statements | 53-9-16-45-61-36/37 |
RIDADR | UN 1093 3/PG 1 |
OEB | D |
OEL | TWA: 1 ppm, Ceiling: 10 ppm [15-minute] [skin] |
WGK Germany | 3 |
RTECS | AT5250000 |
F | 8 |
Autoignition Temperature | 481 °C |
TSCA | Yes |
HazardClass | 3 |
PackingGroup | I |
HS Code | 29261000 |
Hazardous Substances Data | 107-13-1(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Toxicity | LD50 orally in rats: 0.093 g/kg (Smyth, Carpenter) |
IDLA | 60 ppm |
Product Usage
Acrylonitrile is mainly consumed for the manufacture of acrylic and modacrylic fibers. It is also a key feedstock for plastics such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resins and styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) resins, as well as adiponitrile, acrylamide, nitrile rubber and barrier resins. A blend of acrylonitrile and carbon tetrachloride was once deployed as a pesticide, yet all pesticide-related applications have been phased out.
As an industrially important commodity chemical, acrylonitrile has seen broad application since the 1940s, fuelled by the fast expansion of the petrochemical sector.
ABS and SAN resin production constitutes the second-largest end use of acrylonitrile. ABS resins are produced by grafting acrylonitrile and styrene onto polybutadiene or styrene-butadiene copolymers, with a typical acrylonitrile content of around 25 wt%. These materials are widely used in automotive parts, recreational vehicle components, pipe fittings and home appliances.
SAN resins are styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers containing roughly 25–30 wt% acrylonitrile. Benefiting from outstanding transparency, SAN resins are commonly used for automotive instrument panels, instrument lenses and a variety of consumer goods.
